Question 1

What is the difference between Mbps and MBps?

Accepted Answer

Mbps (megabits per second) measures internet speed as advertised by ISPs. MBps (megabytes per second) measures file download speed shown in apps. 1 MBps = 8 Mbps. So a 100 Mbps connection delivers about 12.5 MBps actual download speed.

Question 2

How is download time calculated?

Accepted Answer

Download Time = File Size ÷ Effective Speed. First convert file size to bits, then divide by effective speed in bits per second. Effective speed accounts for protocol overhead (typically 10% for TCP). Formula: Time (seconds) = (File Size in bytes × 8) ÷ (Speed in bps × (1 - overhead)).

Question 3

What is bandwidth and how does it affect download speed?

Accepted Answer

Bandwidth is the maximum data transfer capacity of a network connection, measured in bits per second (bps). Higher bandwidth means faster potential downloads, but actual speed depends on factors like network congestion, server capacity, distance, and protocol overhead.

Question 4

What is latency and how does it differ from bandwidth?

Accepted Answer

Latency (ping) is the time delay for data to travel between two points, measured in milliseconds (ms). Bandwidth is how much data can flow per second. High bandwidth with high latency means large files transfer quickly once started, but there's a delay before transfer begins. Low latency is critical for gaming and video calls.

Question 5

What is network jitter and why does it matter?

Accepted Answer

Jitter is the variation in latency over time. Consistent latency means smooth streaming and calls. High jitter causes buffering, packet loss, and choppy audio/video. Jitter under 30ms is generally acceptable for most applications.

Question 6

What is TCP protocol overhead?

Accepted Answer

TCP overhead is the extra data added to each packet for reliable delivery — including headers, acknowledgments, and retransmissions. This typically consumes 5–15% of raw bandwidth, meaning a 100 Mbps connection effectively delivers about 85–95 Mbps of actual file data.

Question 7

Why are Steam downloads slower than my internet speed?

Accepted Answer

Steam shows download speed in MBps (megabytes/sec), while ISPs advertise in Mbps (megabits/sec). Divide your ISP speed by 8 to compare. A 100 Mbps connection shows ~12.5 MBps in Steam. Other factors include Steam server load, regional congestion, and disk write speed.

Question 8

How can I increase my download speed?

Accepted Answer

Use a wired Ethernet connection instead of Wi-Fi. Close background apps and downloads. Position your router centrally. Update router firmware. Switch to a less congested DNS (like 1.1.1.1 or 8.8.8.8). Use 5 GHz Wi-Fi instead of 2.4 GHz. Consider upgrading your internet plan if consistently slow.

연결 유형	최대 속도	10 MB	100 MB	1 GB	10 GB	50 GB	100 GB
DSL (ADSL)	8 Mbps	10s	1m 45s	17m 54s	2h 59m	14h 55m	1d 6h
DSL (VDSL)	52 Mbps	2s	16s	2m 45s	27m 32s	2h 18m	4h 35m
Cable (DOCSIS 3.0)	150 Mbps	< 1s	6s	57s	9m 33s	47m 43s	1h 35m
Cable (DOCSIS 3.1)	1 Gbps	< 1s	< 1s	9s	1m 26s	7m 9s	14m 19s
Fiber (FTTH)	1 Gbps	< 1s	< 1s	9s	1m 26s	7m 9s	14m 19s
Fiber (10G PON)	10 Gbps	< 1s	< 1s	< 1s	9s	43s	1m 26s

연결 유형	최대 속도	10 MB	100 MB	1 GB	10 GB	50 GB	100 GB
3G (HSPA+)	42 Mbps	2s	20s	3m 25s	34m 5s	2h 50m	5h 41m
4G LTE	100 Mbps	< 1s	8s	1m 26s	14m 19s	1h 12m	2h 23m
4G LTE-A	300 Mbps	< 1s	3s	29s	4m 46s	23m 52s	47m 43s
5G (Sub-6)	1 Gbps	< 1s	< 1s	9s	1m 26s	7m 9s	14m 19s
5G (mmWave)	10 Gbps	< 1s	< 1s	< 1s	9s	43s	1m 26s
Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac)	1.3 Gbps	< 1s	< 1s	7s	1m 6s	5m 30s	11m 1s
Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)	9.6 Gbps	< 1s	< 1s	< 1s	9s	45s	1m 29s

연결 유형	최대 속도	10 MB	100 MB	1 GB	10 GB	50 GB	100 GB
Dial-up (56K)	56 Kbps	24m 58s	4h 10m	1d 19h	17d 18h	88d 18h	177d 13h
ISDN	128 Kbps	10m 55s	1h 49m	18h 38m	7d 18h	38d 20h	77d 16h

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